Africa is blessed with abundant natural resources, fertile lands, and a predominantly agrarian population. However, the pressure on these resources has reached critical levels. Agricultural land is degrading rapidly due to unsustainable practices, deforestation, and desertification. Water resources are being strained by climate variability, pollution, and over-extraction. Additionally, biodiversity loss is threatening the resilience of ecosystems that support food production. The consequences are severe. Millions of farmers are struggling to sustain their livelihoods as soil fertility declines, water becomes scarce, and crop yields dwindle. Compounding these issues are rising food demands due to rapid population growth and urbanization, making food security an ever-greater challenge.

The Kampala CAADP Declaration outlines a bold, comprehensive approach to reversing these trends and creating sustainable agrifood systems that can meet Africa’s growing needs while protecting its natural resources. The declaration sets ambitious targets to be achieved by 2035, including:

-Boosting Agricultural Productivity: Increasing agrifood output by 45% through sustainable intensification and modernization of agricultural practices.

-Reducing Post-Harvest Losses: Halving food losses by improving storage, transportation, and processing infrastructure.

-Sustainable Land Management: Ensuring 30% of agricultural land is managed sustainably to combat soil degradation and desertification.

-Achieving Zero Hunger: Eliminating hunger and reducing malnutrition rates by 25%.

-Mobilizing Investments: Securing $100 billion in public and private sector investments to modernize and innovate in the agricultural sector.

The transformation envisioned by the Kampala Declaration places a strong emphasis on inclusivity. Women, youth, and vulnerable populations are prioritized for participation in agricultural value chains and decision-making processes. The AU aims to ensure that 30% of agricultural roles and leadership positions are occupied by women and youth, fostering equitable development.

Moreover, the strategy includes measures to shield 40% of rural households from environmental and economic shocks. This will be achieved through the introduction of climate-resilient farming practices, improved safety nets, and the diversification of income sources for smallholder farmers.

The successful implementation of the Kampala Declaration will hinge on a coordinated approach across several key areas:

– Governance and Policy Reform: Strengthening governance frameworks for agrifood systems to improve resource management, transparency, and accountability. This includes harmonizing policies across member states to foster collaboration and knowledge-sharing.

-Climate Adaptation and Resilience: Promoting the adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices to reduce vulnerability to climate shocks. This includes the development of drought-resistant crop varieties, improved irrigation systems, and agroforestry initiatives.

-Technological Innovation: Harnessing digital and technological innovations to enhance productivity and sustainability. Precision farming technologies, mobile-based extension services, and data analytics are among the tools that will play a crucial role in this transformation.

-Intra-Continental Trade: Strengthening regional trade through the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) to improve market access for farmers and reduce dependency on food imports. The declaration aims to triple intra-continental agrifood trade by 2035.

-Investment in Infrastructure: Building and upgrading infrastructure for storage, processing, and transportation to reduce post-harvest losses and ensure efficient supply chains.

The success of this ambitious strategy will require the collective efforts of various stakeholders, including governments, private sector players, civil society, regional institutions, and development partners. The AU has emphasized the need for partnerships to drive innovation, mobilize resources, and build capacity across the continent.

Several African countries have already made strides in transforming their agrifood systems, offering valuable lessons for the continent as a whole. For instance, Ethiopia’s climate-resilient agriculture initiatives have significantly improved food security in vulnerable regions. Kenya’s digital farming platforms have empowered smallholder farmers with real-time data and market access, boosting productivity and incomes. Similarly, Nigeria’s focus on agribusiness development has spurred job creation and economic growth. These success stories highlight the importance of innovation, collaboration, and strong policy frameworks in driving agricultural transformation. The Kampala Declaration builds on these successes while scaling up efforts to achieve continental food security.

Despite the optimism surrounding the Kampala Declaration, significant challenges remain. Financing the ambitious strategy will be a monumental task, requiring sustained political will and robust investment from both the public and private sectors. Additionally, addressing land tenure issues, combating corruption, and fostering regional cooperation will be critical to success. Another major challenge is building the capacity of smallholder farmers to adopt new technologies and practices. Education and training programs will be essential to empower farmers to embrace innovative solutions and adapt to changing climatic conditions.

The AU’s commitment to transforming agrifood systems represents a crucial step toward ensuring food security, economic growth, and environmental sustainability in Africa. The Kampala Declaration is not just a policy document; it is a call to action for governments, farmers, investors, and communities to work together for a shared future of prosperity and resilience. By addressing the root causes of resource depletion and food insecurity, Africa can build a sustainable agrifood system that not only meets the needs of its growing population but also protects the environment and empowers communities. The journey ahead will be challenging, but with unity, innovation, and determination, Africa can overcome these obstacles and become a global leader in sustainable agriculture.

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Africa’s role in global climate negotiations remains paradoxical: the continent’s voice is often marginalized, yet it possesses immense potential to lead in producing and manufacturing its own resources while tackling the adverse effects of climate change. Africa’s participation in forums like COP29 underscores an ongoing fight for equitable representation and recognition in shaping the global climate agenda.

It is time to challenge the outdated narrative of Africa as a continent of poverty and hunger; a stereotype that has long undermined its position in world-leading negotiations. Africa is rich in natural resources, innovation, and human capital, with the capability to offer solutions to the global climate crisis. Its renewable energy potential, from solar to wind, positions the continent as a critical player in the global transition to green economies.

By amplifying its voice and leveraging its resources strategically, Africa can redefine its role in climate talks, not as a victim, but as a leader advocating for justice, equity, and sustainable development. The global stage must recognize this transformation and engage Africa as a key partner in building a resilient and climate-smart future for all. Despite being among the least contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions, African nations bear the brunt of climate change effects, such as droughts, floods, and desertification. Countries like DRC and Mozambique, for example, grapple with these climate-induced challenges while receiving limited compensation or support for adaptation and mitigation efforts.

In this case, Aliyev’s framing of fossil fuels as divine gifts mirrors narratives in some African nations, where oil and gas are seen as drivers of development. However, this perspective contrasts sharply with the lived reality of communities displaced by oil exploration or suffering from environmental degradation, think about the EACOP project that has already displaced hundreds of people. The challenge lies in balancing resource utilization with sustainable development, a tension mirrored in African nations like Nigeria, where oil wealth has not translated into broad-based economic stability or climate resilience.

The geopolitical tensions at COP29 serves as a lesson for Africa. Aliyev’s accusations against France and the Netherlands, reflect the fraught nature of global climate negotiations. These divisions could undermine collective progress, something Africa cannot allow. As the world’s most climate-vulnerable region, African nations require a cohesive global framework that prioritizes their needs for financing, technology transfer, and capacity building.

Moreover, the withdrawal of Argentina’s delegation amidst domestic political shifts is a cautionary tale. Africa, too, faces internal political dynamics that can disrupt climate agendas. For example, countries like South Africa, which depend heavily on coal, have struggled to align domestic interests with international commitments. African nations must ensure that their climate strategies are resilient to political changes while maintaining their commitment to global goals like the Paris Agreement.

COP29 marks the third consecutive year the summit has been held in a petrostate, following the UAE and Egypt. This choice has drawn criticism for conflicting interests, as these nations’ economies heavily depend on fossil fuels. For African states, this raises important questions: How can resource-rich countries like Nigeria, Angola, or Algeria transition to green economies without compromising their economic stability?

The answer lies in leveraging international climate financing to diversify economies. Africa’s vast renewable energy potential; such as solar and wind can become a cornerstone of its development strategy. However, the continent requires genuine partnerships and investments from global powers to make this transition feasible. Achieving this potential requires substantial climate finance to support adaptation, mitigation, and a just energy transition. Africa continues to receive only a fraction of the global climate finance pledged, despite bearing the brunt of climate impacts. The continent must demand fair access to these funds and ensure that they are channeled effectively to build resilience, develop green infrastructure, and empower local communities

President Aliyev’s comments criticizing Western nations for “hypocrisy” resonate with African leaders who often argue that historical emitters in the Global North should bear greater responsibility for climate action. African nations have long called for loss and damage funding, emphasizing that justice requires addressing the disproportionate burdens placed on the Global South. Yet, African leaders must also hold themselves accountable by ensuring transparency and equitable distribution of climate funds. Corruption, poor governance, and lack of political will remain significant barriers to effective climate action within the continent. If we need change, we must steer clear of the notion that “Africa is poor”, Africa holds solutions to global problems.

The COP29 chaos depicts the urgent need for Africa to present a united front. The African Group of Negotiators (AGN) must push for the implementation of mechanisms that address the continent’s specific challenges, including adaptation, renewable energy investments, and just transition frameworks. Africa’s perspective offers a moral imperative: as the world debates the future of oil and gas, the voices of the most vulnerable must take center stage. Climate action must not only mitigate risks but also uplift communities, ensuring that no one is left behind in the pursuit of a sustainable future.

Ultimately, Africa’s message to COP29 and beyond is clear: In the spirit of “UBUNTU” , solidarity and justice must be the pillars of global climate negotiations, or the world risks deepening the divide between rhetoric and reality.

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We will explore how these theories manifest in the case studies of Kenya, Nigeria, Ghana, Congo, South Africa, and Ethiopia, illustrating the varying interests and strategies employed by these nations in their dealings with Western powers.

Realism posits that states operate in an anarchic international system where survival is the primary concern. This theory emphasizes the pursuit of power and security, leading states to act primarily in their national interest. Kenya’s relationship with Western countries, particularly the United States and European nations, exemplifies realism. The country has become a crucial ally in the fight against terrorism, particularly in the context of Al-Shabaab in Somalia, the terror groups in Haiti causing unrest. The West’s interest in Kenya is largely motivated by the need to secure regional stability and counter-terrorism efforts. In return, Kenya receives military and economic assistance, showcasing a transactional relationship based on strategic interests. We all know that states such as Egypt and Libya have very strong military presence in terms of numbers and equipment. Why Kenya?

In Nigeria, realism plays out through its oil resources , which attract significant Western investment. The United States and European countries are heavily involved in Nigeria’s oil sector, drawn by the country’s rich reserves. However, this relationship has led to domestic challenges, including corruption and environmental degradation, as the Nigerian government prioritizes foreign partnerships to secure revenue. The underlying motive remains power and resource extraction, often at the expense of local communities. How many innocents have been abducted by the Boko Haram? The intertwining of religion, terrorism, and oil production in Nigeria presents a complex challenge that impacts the country’s economy and stability. The connection between religion and terrorist groups in Nigeria significantly affects oil production in the country. The Niger Delta region, where much of Nigeria’s oil is extracted, has been a hotspot for conflict involving these uncouth militant groups, some of which have religious motivations or affiliations.

Capitalism is not to blame, or is it?

Capitalism drives the global economy, characterized by free markets, private ownership, and the pursuit of profit. The capitalist framework explains the economic ties between the West and the Global South, where supply chains and financial flows are critical components. Ghana’s engagement with Western nations, particularly in the cocoa and gold sectors, highlights the capitalist imperative. Ghana is one of the largest cocoa producers globally, and Western companies invest heavily in this industry. However, the capitalist structure often leaves local farmers with a small share of the profits, reinforcing economic dependency. While Ghana benefits from foreign investment, it struggles to diversify its economy beyond commodity exports, reflecting the challenges of capitalism in the Global South.

Can we speak about Congo? The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) presents a stark illustration of capitalism’s consequences. The DRC is rich in minerals like coltan, cobalt, and gold, which are essential for modern technology and yet the country is deemed one of the poorest and uncivilized, is it? Western multinational corporations exploit these resources, often without adequate compensation for local communities. The capitalist pursuit of profit leads to human rights abuses and environmental degradation, as the DRC grapples with the challenges of foreign exploitation while seeking economic development. Who is to blame? If coltan did not exist, I would not be disseminating tis kind of information, ever! Give to Congo what belongs to Congo!

Liberalism is more like a sweet tooth, in contrast to realism, it emphasizes the potential for cooperation and interdependence among states. It suggests that developments such as trade and tourism and even shared values can lead to more stable and peaceful relations. How much has trade contributed to peace and stability in your country? How many visas have you applied for in order to visit or do business within a fellow African country? Many, Yes? What is so liberal about trade and tourism, if I have to apply for visas to trade with Tanzanians?

South Africa’s post-apartheid foreign policy exemplifies liberalism’s principles, its what they say. The country has actively engaged in international organizations, advocating for human rights and democracy. South Africa’s participation in the African Union and the United Nations reflects its commitment to multilateralism and cooperation. I beg to defer. South Africa has been grappling with sporadic and sometimes lethal xenophobic harassment and violence against other Africans living in the country, including refugees, asylum seekers, and both documented and undocumented migrants. Many South Africans perceive migrants, particularly those from other African countries, as competition for limited job opportunities, resources, and social services. This perception has exacerbated tensions and lead to violence, especially in areas with high unemployment and poverty rates. We all witnessed what happened with the former contestant that S.A claimed to be of Nigerian decent. Ms. Chidimma Adetshina. The stunning model was born in South Africa but has mixed parentage through her Nigerian father, while her mother has Mozambican descent. Underline the word “born” which automatically makes her a South African citizens, sorry, I meant to say qualifies!

Lets not touch on Ethiopia today!

Foreign policy decisions reflect the interplay of realism, capitalism, and liberalism as states navigate their interests and values on the global stage. The West’s foreign policy towards the Global South often combines strategic interests with efforts to promote democracy, human rights, and development. However, these efforts we perceive them as neo-colonialism or paternalism, leading to tensions and resistance from the Global South.

Case Studies of Foreign Policy: Does it breach on sovereignty of States?

• Kenya: The U.S. has supported Kenya’s counter-terrorism initiatives, framing this partnership as a commitment to regional stability and security. However, the Kenyan government faces criticism for human rights violations in its anti-terrorism operations, raising questions about the West’s true commitment to human rights versus strategic interests.

• Nigeria: The West’s engagement in Nigeria often focuses on oil and security, with initiatives aimed at combating Boko Haram. However, the underlying issues of governance, corruption, and human rights abuses challenge the effectiveness of these foreign policy efforts. Or is it the other way round?

• Ghana and South Africa: Both nations have sought to balance their engagements with Western powers while promoting regional cooperation and development. Their participation in international organizations reflects a commitment to liberal values, yet they must navigate the challenges of dependency and inequality in their relationships.

The principle that “member states are guided by interest” is evident in the interactions between the West and the Global South. Realism, capitalism, and liberalism offer valuable frameworks for understanding these relationships, highlighting the pursuit of power, economic imperatives, and the potential for cooperation. Case studies from Kenya, Nigeria, Ghana, Congo, and South Africa illustrate the varied experiences and strategies employed by these nations in their engagements with Western powers.

As the global landscape evolves, understanding these dynamics is crucial for addressing the challenges and opportunities that arise. By recognizing the interplay of interests and values, states can better navigate their relationships, fostering more equitable and stable global interactions. In an interconnected world, thanks to globalization, the future of international relations will depend on the ability of states to balance their interests with the promotion of mutual respect and cooperation. Therefore,

Member States Are Guided By Interest: The West And The Global South (Or “Why Can’t We All Just Get Along?”)

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Story By Linda Makau,

In the heart of Mali, where the challenges of poverty, climate change, desertification, soil erosion, malnutrition, and food insecurity converge, Rokiatou Traoré stands as a beacon of hope and determination. As a dedicated green entrepreneur, Traoré’s commitment to realizing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is unwavering, and her work is making a significant impact on her community and beyond. Her passion is particularly focused on empowering women and youth, recognizing their crucial role in fostering sustainable development.

Traoré’s journey into sustainable entrepreneurship began with her co-founding of Herou Alliance alongside her late husband. This venture is not just a business; it is a mission-driven initiative aimed at creating an inclusive value chain centered around agroforestry products, notably Moringa. Moringa, often referred to as the “miracle tree,” is renowned for its nutritional and medicinal properties, making it an ideal crop for addressing malnutrition and promoting health. The vision of Herou Alliance is both ambitious and transformative. By 2030, Traoré aims to establish a network of millions of women Moringa producers, plant 10 million Moringa trees, and export Moringa-based products globally. This initiative not only focuses on environmental sustainability but also on economic empowerment, providing women with the means to generate income and improve their livelihoods.

Despite the scale of these goals, Herou Alliance has already achieved significant milestones. Nearly a hundred women Moringa producers have been trained, equipping them with the skills and knowledge needed to cultivate and process Moringa products. Over 20,000 Moringa trees have been planted in the Koulikoro region, contributing to reforestation efforts and combating desertification. Additionally, Herou Alliance has successfully exported a diverse range of organic Moringa products to more than seven countries, showcasing the global demand for these nutritious and sustainable products. At the core of Traoré’s efforts is a firm belief in the power of women and youth to drive sustainable development. By focusing on these groups, she addresses the systemic inequalities that often hinder progress in rural communities. Training women to become Moringa producers not only empowers them economically but also fosters a sense of community and collaboration. This inclusive approach ensures that the benefits of the Moringa value chain are shared widely, creating a ripple effect of positive change.

Traoré’s dedication to empowering women is rooted in her understanding of the unique challenges they face. In many rural areas, women are the primary caretakers of their families and play a crucial role in agriculture. However, they often lack access to resources, education, and markets. By providing training, resources, and market access, Traoré is helping to break down these barriers and create opportunities for women to thrive. Climate change is a pressing issue in Mali, with rising temperatures and changing rainfall patterns threatening agricultural productivity and food security. Traoré’s work with Moringa is a powerful response to these challenges. Moringa trees are known for their resilience and ability to grow in arid conditions, making them an ideal crop for regions affected by desertification and soil erosion.

By planting millions of Moringa trees, Herou Alliance is not only restoring degraded lands but also sequestering carbon and improving soil health. This contributes to climate change mitigation while simultaneously enhancing the resilience of local communities. The cultivation of Moringa also provides a sustainable source of income for farmers, reducing their reliance on unsustainable practices and promoting long-term environmental stewardship.

Global Impact and Recognition

The impact of Traoré’s work extends beyond Mali’s borders. The export of Moringa-based products to international markets highlights the global demand for sustainable and organic products. This not only provides economic benefits to local producers but also raises awareness about the importance of sustainable agriculture and the potential of agroforestry products. Traoré’s efforts have garnered recognition and support from various organizations and stakeholders. Her commitment to sustainability and empowerment aligns with global development agendas, attracting partnerships and collaborations that further amplify the impact of Herou Alliance. These partnerships are crucial in scaling the initiative and reaching the ambitious goals set for 2030.

Herou Alliance has successfully partnered with 1,000 women and young people across 25 Malian villages to plant a substantial 80,000 Moringa trees, contributing significantly to local reforestation and community development.

UNCCD Land Heroes award

Following the prestigious UNCCD Land Heroes award presented to the Prime Minister, Herou Alliance under the stewardship of  Mrs. Traoré was honored to offer 100 Moringa plants each to Mali’s 29 ministers and the President, totaling 3,000 trees. In collaboration with the UNCCD, they are actively fundraising to expand their Moringa initiative to 100,000 trees in partnership with local communities. To date, they’ve achieved a milestone of 16,000 Moringa trees planted in Mali and Burkina Faso, complemented by 5,000 Baobab trees. As they prepare for COP26 in Riyadh, they aim to garner global support for their mission.

Rokiatou Traoré’s journey is a testament to the power of will and determination. Her belief that “Nothing is impossible to achieve with an unwavering will” drives her to overcome challenges and pursue her vision relentlessly. Her story is an inspiration to many, demonstrating that sustainable development is not just a distant goal but a tangible reality that can be achieved through dedication and collaborative effort. Implementing Moringa tree planting programs faces hurdles including limited local expertise, resource scarcity (seeds, funding, water), inadequate infrastructure, complex regulations, and constrained market access. Addressing these challenges is crucial to maximizing the plant’s benefits for communities.

In a world where the challenges of sustainable development often seem insurmountable, Rokiatou Traoré’s work shines as a beacon of hope. Her dedication to addressing critical development issues in Mali, empowering women and youth, and promoting sustainable practices is creating lasting change. Through Herou Alliance, she is not only transforming her community but also contributing to global efforts to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. As Traoré continues her journey, her unwavering will and innovative approach serve as a powerful reminder that sustainable development is within reach, one Moringa tree at a time. By 2030, they aspire to plant 10 million high-nutrient trees in degraded lands, empowering 150,000 women and youth in rural and urban settings. Their ultimate goal is to integrate tree-based foods into the daily lives of millions globally. Additionally, they are committed to fostering youth leadership by actively involving them in COP negotiations to shape future climate policies

To gain more insight into Rokiatou Traoré’s inspiring journey and vision, you can watch this informative video: Rokiatou Traoré – Herou Alliance.

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Motto: Our Legacy, Our Future

On June 17th, we commemorate the World Day to Combat Desertification, a date that also marks the 30th anniversary of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD). This Convention, along with those on climate change and biodiversity, forms the trio of the Rio Conventions. Today, I urge the populations and governments of African Union member states to commit to environmental conservation and ecological restoration programs for degraded areas.

Desertification and drought are global challenges affecting millions of people, compromising their security, food supply, water availability, and biodiversity—issues that are particularly acute in Africa. Studies from the World Meteorological Organization show that 2023 was the hottest year since the pre-industrial period (1850-1900). In Africa, the average temperature increase was 1.45 degrees Celsius, which should be a cause of concern for all of us.

In 2023, intense heat waves led to forest fires, resulting in the deaths of 34 people and the evacuation of 1500 in Algeria. These events highlight the urgent need for proactive measures to address climate change for the sake of future generations.

I want to acknowledge and thank all those involved in projects combating desertification, particularly the inspiring Great Green Wall initiative in Sub-Saharan Africa. This initiative aims to create an 8,000-kilometer-long and 15-kilometer-wide green belt across more than 20 countries of the Sahara Desert, from Dakar to Djibouti. By restoring biodiversity, this initiative helps us tackle the climate crisis and achieve sustainable development goals. The Great Green Wall is projected to create 10 million jobs by 2030, contributing significantly to climate resilience and economic growth.

In alignment with the UN’s “Early Warning for All” initiative and the Maputo Declaration on Early Warning and Early Action, Mozambique implemented, for the first time, actions in 2023-2024 to prevent and mitigate the effects of drought associated with El Niño. Similar drought resilience efforts have been tested in Madagascar, Niger, Ethiopia, Somalia, Lesotho, and Zimbabwe. Our collective goal for Africa is to build a resilient and sustainable future by reducing disaster risk and promoting climate resilience through innovative approaches.

On this World Day to Combat Desertification, let us renew our commitment to an inclusive, sustainable, and resilient future for generations to come.

Context on UNCCD COP 16 and Recommendations by CSOs and Governments

The 16th Conference of the Parties (COP 16) to the UNCCD is a crucial event where stakeholders from across the globe come together to discuss and formulate strategies to combat desertification. Civil society organizations (CSOs) and governments play a significant role in these discussions, often bringing diverse perspectives and solutions to the table. Key recommendations from CSOs and governments at COP 16 include:

1. Strengthening Local and Indigenous Practices: Emphasizing the importance of traditional knowledge and practices in combating desertification, and integrating these with modern scientific approaches.
2. Enhancing Funding Mechanisms: Increasing financial support for projects aimed at land restoration, sustainable land management, and capacity-building at local levels.
3. Promoting Community-Led Initiatives: Encouraging grassroots movements and local community involvement in planning and implementing restoration projects to ensure sustainability and inclusiveness.
4. Boosting Collaboration and Partnerships: Fostering partnerships between governments, the private sector, CSOs, and international organizations to leverage resources and expertise.
5. Innovative Technology and Data Utilization: Utilizing advanced technologies and data analytics to monitor, assess, and manage land degradation effectively.
6. Policy Integration and Coherence: Ensuring that policies across sectors such as agriculture, water management, and climate change are integrated and coherent to maximize the impact of land restoration efforts.

About the Great Green Wall Initiative:

The GGWI is an ambitious project spearheaded by the African Union, aiming to restore 100 million hectares of degraded land across the Sahel region by 2030. Coordinated by Dr. Elvis Tangem, the initiative seeks to combat desertification, improve food security, and promote sustainable livelihoods for millions of people across Africa.

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Burkina Faso’s military government, led by Capt Ibrahim Traoré, is implementing significant changes to the nation’s marriage laws. The junta has declared a ban on homosexual acts, aligning Burkina Faso with several other African nations that have taken a firm stance against same-sex relations, despite objections from Western nations. Historically, homosexuality was not legally prohibited in Burkina Faso, although it was generally disapproved of within its socially conservative society. Justice Minister Edasso Rodrigue Bayala announced that the junta’s cabinet has approved new legislation to criminalize homosexual acts, although further details were not provided.

Since the military took control in 2022, Burkina Faso has distanced itself from former colonial power France and moved closer to Russia. This shift includes comprehensive legal reforms, among which the ban on homosexual acts is a notable example. In Russia, where homosexual acts were decriminalized in 1993, the government under President Vladimir Putin has also cracked down on the LGBTQ community, banning what it describes as “propaganda of non-traditional sexual relations.” Burkina Faso’s new legislation, which is part of a broader overhaul of marriage laws, awaits approval by the military-controlled parliament and endorsement by Capt Traoré. The laws will recognize only religious and customary marriages, explicitly criminalizing homosexuality and related practices.

Capt Traoré, who came to power by overthrowing Lt Col Paul-Henri Damiba in September 2022, cited Damiba’s failure to address an Islamist insurgency as justification for the coup. Previously, Burkina Faso was one of 22 African nations where same-sex relations were not criminalized. Unlike many former British colonies, Burkina Faso did not inherit anti-homosexuality laws from its former colonizer, France, when it gained independence in 1960. Religiously, Burkina Faso’s population is predominantly Muslim (64%), with Christians making up 26%, and the remaining 10% following traditional African religions or having no faith.

In recent years, numerous African countries have intensified their opposition to the LGBTQ community. Uganda, for example, has enacted stringent laws against homosexuality, despite facing severe criticism from local and international rights organizations. In May, Uganda’s Constitutional Court upheld a law that includes the death penalty for “aggravated homosexuality,” prompting significant international backlash. In Ghana, a new bill passed by parliament imposes severe penalties on individuals identifying as LGBTQ+. However, President Nana Akufo-Addo has not yet signed it into law, awaiting a court decision on its constitutionality. The Ghanaian finance ministry has warned of potential financial repercussions, including the loss of substantial World Bank funding.

Catholic Social Teachings and African Spirituality

From the perspective of Catholic Social Teachings, which emphasize the dignity of the human person, marriage is seen as a sacred union between a man and a woman. This belief underscores the Catholic Church’s opposition to homosexual unions, as it seeks to protect the traditional understanding of marriage and family. The Church advocates for a compassionate approach towards individuals with same-sex attractions, promoting love and respect while upholding its doctrinal beliefs.

African spirituality, which deeply influences the cultural and moral values across the continent, also typically holds traditional views on marriage. These spiritual traditions often regard marriage as a union fundamentally oriented towards procreation and community stability, thereby excluding homosexual unions. The rich tapestry of African spiritual beliefs underscores the significance of maintaining these values, reflecting a commitment to preserving cultural heritage and societal norms. Burkina Faso’s move to criminalize homosexual acts is part of a broader trend across Africa, where many nations are reaffirming their traditional values against growing international pressures.

Both Catholic Social Teachings and African spirituality provide frameworks that support the preservation of traditional marriage, reflecting deep-seated cultural and religious convictions. As Burkina Faso continues to navigate its political and social transformations, these influences remain pivotal in shaping its legal and moral landscape.

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In Pope Francis’ 4th encyclical, Fratelli Tutti, the fundamental truth that he imparts about our lives as Christians is the conviction that each person possesses an “inalienable dignity” (FT no. 27). Many times we criticize but we never listen.  If we are not so quick to condemn then lasting change will take place from the inside out, beginning with a reconciled relationship with God. This is the case at Ruiru Prisons where many have experienced the trauma of sudden separation from their families and social standing in society, and are vulnerable to feelings of fear, anxiety, anger, sadness, depression and guilt. The Christmas Season is all about giving hope and GCCM Africa, in conjunction with Capuchin Charities Kenya, was at the heart of implementing this noble course. 

Prison wardens are the top correctional officers in a prison facility, responsible for the safe and secure operation of the prisons they manage. Speaking to one of the prison wardens, “Life in prison is tough but it also equips the inmates to lead a normal life upon release whenever they search for jobs, the kind of training they undergo inside the prison prepares them to lead normal lives especially for the once serving shorter sentences or released on good behaviour. However, many face a lot of stigmatization mostly from their family members since they would not want to be associated with a former inmate for obvious reasons. The public needs to accept them, help them fit right into the society setting,” Alphonce, Prison Warden. “If the society does not accept them, the prisoners encounter challenges that contribute to the commission of a crime and return to prison. Additionally, released prisoners are at a very high risk of attaining physical or mental illnesses, exposed to substance abuse, therefore, we ensure that they undergo programs that address addiction and depression before release.”

In the care for creation, we are called to act, pray and reconcile with our brothers. We are custodians indeed and have the power to change the narrative. This will in turn influence the marginalised to learn to think in a new way, act in a new way, and relate to others in a new way. Prison can be a dark place, but we believe that there is a light that shines brighter than the shadows of prison. “We have had inmates who have successfully finished their course and are advocates of the High Court, others principals of prominent schools, because someone believed in them and gave them hope.”

It is time for society to change their mind set. 

Fr. Ben Ayodi, Programs Manager LSM Africa formerly (GCCM Africa) was touched by the humility of the inmates as he unwrapped gifts, handing them over to the wardens-in-charge. “Educating the prisoners with a structured set of doctrinal faith-based studies and job trainings that are geared towards enhancing their growth is basic and fundamental, it is commendable for the society “he said, as he applauded the Head of Prisons. “And do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind, that you may prove that which is  good and acceptable and perfect will of God (Romans 12:2).”

They say the secret to happiness is by helping others. If you want happiness for a long time, help somebody “for it is in giving that we receive”. What it takes is an inner change of perspective and attitude. If you want to change the world, then you ought to know that change begins with oneself. You can enhance these virtues by subscribing to our Laudato Si Animators courses and become a student. Love impels us towards universal communion (FT, 91)”, this draws us toward Pope Francis’ concept of social love. But how do we incarnate these truth? We need to embolden the structures by which we come to moral discernment in our world by being willing to denounce unjust attitudes and states of affairs, and by investing in social love to those in greatest need (FT, 187)”. 

^{Linda Makau is a Policy Analyst, Journalist and Media and Communications Strategist.}

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